Chapter 14 / 14.5

14.5 PERSONAL AREA NETWORKS (PANs)

PANs provide short-range connectivity among devices within the immediate vicinity of a user—typically within a few meters. PAN technologies are designed for low power consumption, low cost, and ease of deployment, enabling cable replacement, peripheral connectivity, wearable devices, and short-range data exchange. Over time, PAN implementations have evolved from optical line-of-sight systems to low-power radio-frequency solutions capable of non-line-of-sight operation and scalable network architectures.