10.1.5 Desirable Features Of Transmission Lines
Transmission lines are widely used to interconnect electronic equipment and, in particular, to link transmitters and receivers with their respective antennas. Ideally, a transmission line should exhibit the following characteristics:
- Broad bandwidth—that is, a high information-carrying capacity so that signals of different frequencies can be conveyed without distortion.
- Low attenuation, ensuring that the signal reaches the load with minimal loss of power per unit length.
- A proper impedance match between the line and its termination to achieve maximum power transfer and eliminate reflections.
- Immunity to crosstalk, noise, and interference, so that signals are not degraded by coupling from adjacent lines or by external electromagnetic sources.
- Low radiation and low susceptibility to interception, to prevent unintentional radiation and to preserve electromagnetic security.
- Low dispersion, meaning that all frequency components propagate at nearly the same velocity so that the waveform retains its original shape at the load.
- Adequate power-handling capability to accommodate the maximum expected transmitter output without breakdown or excessive heating.
- Ease of handling and installation, allowing the line to be routed, terminated, and maintained efficiently.
- High operational safety, ensuring that personnel are protected from hazardous voltages or electromagnetic exposure.