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Chapter 15 / 15.10

15.10 REVISION QUESTIONS

  1. Explain the difference between networking and internetworking.
  1. Compare the functions of a repeater, bridge, switch, router, and gateway.
  1. Why do routers, rather than switches, enable communication between independent networks?
  1. Explain why hierarchical IP addressing is essential for a scalable Internet.
  1. What is the difference between a MAC address and an IP address?
  1. Describe the purpose of the network prefix and host identifier in an IP address.
  1. What is CIDR, and why did it replace the original class-based IPv4 addressing system?
  1. Explain how Network Address Translation (NAT) allows many devices to share a single public IPv4 address.
  1. Why was IPv6 developed, and what advantages does it offer over IPv4?
  1. Describe the main features of the IPv6 packet header and explain the purpose of the Next Header field.
  1. Explain the difference between encapsulation and re-encapsulation as a packet passes through an internetwork.
  1. Why is the Layer-2 frame replaced at every router while the IP packet remains largely unchanged?
  1. Outline the sequence of operations performed by a router when forwarding a packet.
  1. What is the purpose of ARP in IPv4 networks, and what protocol performs the equivalent function in IPv6?
  1. What is the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU), and why can it influence packet transmission across different networks?
  1. Explain the difference between static routing and dynamic routing.
  1. What is an Autonomous System (AS), and why is the Internet organized into autonomous systems?
  1. Distinguish between Interior Gateway Protocols (IGPs) and the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP).
  1. What is the purpose of transport-layer port numbers?
  1. Compare TCP and UDP in terms of reliability, connection establishment, and typical applications.
  1. Why are some Internet applications better suited to TCP, while others are better suited to UDP?
  1. Explain how a Virtual Private Network (VPN) allows secure communication across the public Internet.
  1. What role do cloud computing and Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) play in the modern Internet?
  1. Why has security become an essential consideration in modern internetworking?
  1. Explain how the principles of logical addressing, routing, and layered protocols together enable billions of devices to communicate across the global Internet.